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Classification of Viruses

What you forget to think about Chewing Gum side effects!

For ages, chewing gum represented popular pastime that was used all over the world. From the prehistoric men and women who chowed lumps of tree resin for enjoyment, Ancient Greeks who used tree resin to clean their teeth and freshen their breath, Maya Indians who used gummed chicle, and Europeans and American settlers who used hardened tree sap and beeswax. Sadly, even though use of chewing gum can undoubtedly have many positive effects, it can also endanger us. Here are some of the most common chewing gum side effects and disadvantages: Tooth Decay Sugared gums can with heavy use cause tooth decay, gum disease and cavities. This happens because sugar coats the teeth, and can slowly cause damaging of tooth enamel if they are not immediately brushed. To reduce harmful effects of sugared gums, seek out gum brands that use smaller quantities of sugar. Artificial Sweetener Allergies Almost all popular sugar brands use artificial sweeteners to make their products longer lasing, s...

Drugs That Interact With Grapefruit on the Rise

Nov. 27, 2012 -- The number of drugs that can be risky when taken with grapefruit is on the rise, largely due to the influx of new medications and chemical formulations, a new study shows. As it stands, there are now more than 85 drugs that may interact with grapefruit. The number of drugs that may result in potentially fatal side effects when mixed with grapefruit increased from 17 to 43 during the past four years. This equates to more than six new potentially risky drugs a year. The list includes some  statins  that  lower cholesterol  (such as  atorvastatin , lovastatin , and  simvastatin ), some antibiotics,  cancer  drugs, and heart drugs. Most at risk are older people who use more  prescriptions  and buy more grapefruit. Here’s what happens: Grapefruit contains furanocoumarins, which block an enzyme that normally breaks down certain medications in the body. When it is left unchecked, medication levels can grow toxic in th...

THE CLASSIC STAGES OF CLINICAL INFECTIONS

As the body of the host responds to the invasive and toxigenic activities of a parasite, it passes through four distinct phases of infection and disease: the incubation period, the prodromium, the period of invasive, and the convalescent period.             The incubation period the time form initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms. During the incubation period, the agent is multiplying at the portal of entry but has not yet caused enough damage to elicit symptoms. Although this period is relatively well defined and predictable for each microorganism, it does vary according to host resistance, degree of virulence, and distance between the target organ and the portal of entry (the farther apart, the longer the incubation period). Overall, an incubation period can range from several hours in pneumonic plaque to several years in leprosy. The majority of infections, however,...

A POSITIVE VIEW OF VIRUSES

            Looking at this beautiful tulip, one would never guess that it derives its pleasing appearance from a viral infection. It contains tulip mosaic virus, which affect the development of the plant cells and causes complex patterns of colors in the petals. Aside from this, the virus does not cause severe harm to the plants. Despite the reputation of viruses as cell killers, there is another side of viruses – that of being harmless, and in some cases, even beneficial.             Although there is no agreement on the origins of viruses, it is highly likely that they have been in existence for billions of years. Virologists are convinced that viruses have been an important force in the evolution of living things. This is based on the fact that they interact with the genetic material of their host cells and that they carry genes from on host to another (transduction)...