KVCPharmaGROUP

Nov. 27, 2012 -- The number of drugs that can be risky when taken with grapefruit is on the rise, largely due to the influx of new medications and chemical formulations, a new study shows. As it stands, there are now more than 85 drugs that may interact with grapefruit. The number of drugs that may result in potentially fatal side effects when mixed with grapefruit increased from 17 to 43 during the past four years. This equates to more than six new potentially risky drugs a year. The list includes some  statins  that  lower cholesterol  (such as  atorvastatin , lovastatin , and  simvastatin ), some antibiotics,  cancer  drugs, and heart drugs. Most at risk are older people who use more  prescriptions  and buy more grapefruit. Here’s what happens: Grapefruit contains furanocoumarins, which block an enzyme that normally breaks down certain medications in the body. When it is left unchecked, medication levels can grow toxic in the body. It’s not just grapefruits, either. Othe

KVCPharmaGROUP: THE CLASSIC STAGES OF CLINICAL INFECTIONS : As the body of the host responds to the invasive and toxigenic activities of a parasite, it passes through four distinct ...

As the body of the host responds to the invasive and toxigenic activities of a parasite, it passes through four distinct phases of infection and disease: the incubation period, the prodromium, the period of invasive, and the convalescent period.             The incubation period the time form initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms. During the incubation period, the agent is multiplying at the portal of entry but has not yet caused enough damage to elicit symptoms. Although this period is relatively well defined and predictable for each microorganism, it does vary according to host resistance, degree of virulence, and distance between the target organ and the portal of entry (the farther apart, the longer the incubation period). Overall, an incubation period can range from several hours in pneumonic plaque to several years in leprosy. The majority of infections, however, have incubation periods ranging between 2 and 30 days

KVCPharmaGROUP: A POSITIVE VIEW OF VIRUSES :             Looking at this beautiful tulip, one would never guess that it derives its pleasing appearance from a vira...

            Looking at this beautiful tulip, one would never guess that it derives its pleasing appearance from a viral infection. It contains tulip mosaic virus, which affect the development of the plant cells and causes complex patterns of colors in the petals. Aside from this, the virus does not cause severe harm to the plants. Despite the reputation of viruses as cell killers, there is another side of viruses – that of being harmless, and in some cases, even beneficial.             Although there is no agreement on the origins of viruses, it is highly likely that they have been in existence for billions of years. Virologists are convinced that viruses have been an important force in the evolution of living things. This is based on the fact that they interact with the genetic material of their host cells and that they carry genes from on host to another (transduction). It is convincing to imagine that viruses arose early in the history of cells as loose pieces of genetic mat

KVCPharmaGROUP: THE SERENDIPITY OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD: DISCOVER... : The discoveries in science are not always determined by the strict formulation and testing of a formal hypothesis. Quite...

The discoveries in science are not always determined by the strict formulation and testing of a formal hypothesis. Quite often, they involve serendipity and the luck of being in the right place and time, followed by a curiosity and willingness to change the direction of an experiment. This is especially true in the field of drug discoveries. The first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered in the late 1920s by Dr. Alexander Fleming, who found a mold colony growing on a culture of bacteria that was wiping out the bacteria. He isolated the active ingredient that eventually launched the era of antibiotics. The search for new drugs to treat infections and cancer has been a continuous focus since that time. Even though the detailed science of testing a drug and working out its chemical structure and action required sophisticated scientific technology, the first and most important part of discovery often lies in a keen eye and an open mind.             In 1987, Dr. Mich

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KVCPharmaGROUP: The ELISA : ELISA is stand for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It is an immunological or serological test to check antigen present in the serum. It h...

ELISA is stand for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It is an immunological or serological test to check antigen present in the serum. It have 2 types Direct ELISA or Sandwich ELISA Test and Indirect ELISA test. For Direct ELISA test, it is used to diagnose various microbial infections (such as HIV, Hepatitis A and C, Cholera Vibrio, Helicobacter pylori,...), cancer and other immunological disorders. Different from Direct ELISA, Indirect ELISA is used to diagnosed Hantavirus, rubella virus, toxoplasma.... Procedure of Sandwich ELISA Pour known antigen of specific antibodies on well containing micro titer plate and wait for 2-3 hours or over night then wash with buffer to remove unbound antibodies.  Add patient serum specimen on the well and wait for 1-2 hours and then wash with buffer.  Add Enzyme labelled (linked or conjugated) antibodies on the well and wash with buffer.  Finally, add the substrate (colorless substance) on the well and wait for 1-2 hours to observe the react

ELISA test is stand for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay which also known as Enzyme immunoassay (EIA), contains an enzyme-antibody complex that can be used as a color tracer for antigen-antibody reactions. The enzymes used most often are horseradish and alkaline phosphatase, both of which release a dye (chromogen) when exposed to their substrate. This technique also relies on a solid support such as a plastic micro titer plate that can absorb (attract on its surface) the reactants.           The Indirect ELISA test can detect antibodies in a serum sample. As with other indirect test, the final positive reaction is achieved by means of an antibody-antibody reaction. The indicator antibody is complexed to an enzyme that produces a color change with positive serum sample. The starting reactant is a known antigen that is absorbed to the surface of a well. To this, unknown serum is added. After rinsing, an enzyme-Ab reagent that can react with the unknown test antibody is placed in the we

Elisa stand for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay which also known as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), contains an enzyme-antibody complex that can be used as a color tracer for antigen-antibody reaction. The enzymes used most often are horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, both of which release a dye (chromogen) when exposed to their substrate. This technique also relies a solid support such as a plastic micro titer plate that can absorb (attract on its surface) the reactants.

ក្រមសីលធម៌ឱសថការី ១​​.​ និយមន័យក្រមសីលធម៌វិជ្ជាជីវៈឱសថ? ចំ​​ៈ គឺជាកាតព្វកិច្ចដែលឱសថការីត្រូវបំេពញ ចំពោះអតិថិជន សហការី អ្នកផ្តល់សេវា​ខាភិបាល និស្សិត វិជ្ជាជីវៈ និង​ អាជ្ញាធរមានសមត្ថកិច្ចក្នុងការអនុវត្តវិជ្ជាជីវៈឱសថ។​ ២. លក្ខណៈខុសគ្នារវាង ក្រមសីមធម៌វិជ្ជាជីវៈ​ និង​និតិក្រម? ចំៈ​ មាន៣ចំនុចៈ - ការរៀបចំ៉ ( development) ៖ ក្រមសីលធម៌ត្រូវបានរៀបចំដោយគណៈឱសថការីកម្ពុជា ( pharmacy professional ethic) រីនិតិក្រមត្រូវបានរៀបចំដោយស្ថាប័ននិតិបញ្ញត្តិ ឬស្ថាប័ននិតិប្រតិបត្តិ - ដែននៃការអនុវត្ត ( the field of implementation) ៖ ក្រមសីធម៌វិជ្ជាជីវៈត្រូវអនុវត្តចំពោះតែឱសថការីណាដែលប្រកបវិជ្ជាជីវៈឱសថ រីនិតិក្រមត្រូវអនុវត្តចំពោះរូបវ័ន្តបុគ្គល ( Physical person) និងនិតិបុគ្គល (ស្ថាប័នឬក្រសួង.. ) - ទោសបញ្ញត្តិ ការប្រព្រឹត្តល្មើសនិងក្រមសីលធម៌វិជ្ជាជីវៈ​​ ត្រូវទទួលទោសដែលមានលក្ខណៈជាអង្គការវិន័យ​ ដែលវិនិច្ឆ័យដោយ ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាគណៈឱសថការី​ ដូចជាការស្តីបន្ទោស ការប្រមានជាលាយ លក្ខអក្សរ ការផ្ជួរសមាជិកភាពជាបណ្តោះ អាសន្ន និង​ការដកហូតសមាជិកភាពជាអចិន្ត្រៃ៌។​ រីការប្រព្រឹត្តល្មើសនិងនិតិក្រមត្រូវផ្តន្ទាទោសដែលមានលក្ខណៈជា