The dynamic of Inflammatory mediators...

THE CLASSIC STAGES OF CLINICAL INFECTIONS

As the body of the host responds to the invasive and toxigenic activities of a parasite, it passes through four distinct phases of infection and disease: the incubation period, the prodromium, the period of invasive, and the convalescent period. The incubation period the time form initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms. During the incubation period, the agent is multiplying at the portal of entry but has not yet caused enough damage to elicit symptoms. Although this period is relatively well defined and predictable for each microorganism, it does vary according to host resistance, degree of virulence, and distance between the target organ and the portal of entry (the farther apart, the longer the incubation period). Overall, an incubation period can range from several hours in pneumonic plaque to several years in leprosy. The majority of infections, however,...

Blood types chart

Blood is the river of life, which courses through our bodies. It is the medium through which nutrients and oxygen are transported to each and every part of the body and waste is taken out. It also functions as the defense mechanism, through antigen mechanism present in red blood cells and the white blood cells. When blood transfusion, that is blood transfer from one man to another, was attempted, it was discovered that there are blood types! You cannot randomly transfer blood from one man to another without checking if their blood types match. This article explains why it's important to have a blood type test and how a blood group is determined. A ready reference in the form of a blood types chart has been provided, which indicates blood transfusion compatibility. How is a Blood Type Determined? Why are there blood types? How is a blood type determined? Before we talk about a blood types chart, let us find answers to these questions. To understand why there are blood types ...

The Development of Blood cells and platelets

Haematopoiesis (from Ancient Greek: αἷμα, "blood"; ποιεῖν "to make") (or hematopoiesis in the United States; sometimes also haemopoiesis or hemopoiesis ) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells . In a healthy adult person, approximately 10 11 –10 12 new blood cells are produced daily in order to maintain steady state levels in the peripheral circulation Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the medulla of the bone (bone marrow) and have the unique ability to give rise to all of the different mature blood cell types. HSCs are self renewing: when they proliferate, at least some of their daughter cells remain as HSCs, so the pool of stem cells does not become depleted. The other daughters of HSCs (myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells), however can each commit to any of the alternative differentiation path...

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