KVCPharmaGROUP

What is hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is a  virus  that infects the  liver . Most adults who get  hepatitis  B have it for a short time and then get better. This is called acute hepatitis B. You can have hepatitis B and not know it. You may not have symptoms. If you do, they can make you feel like you have the  flu . But as long as you have the virus, you can spread it to others. Sometimes the virus causes a long-term infection, called chronic hepatitis B. Over time, it can damage your  liver . Babies and young children infected with the virus are more likely to get chronic hepatitis B. What causes hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus. It is spread through contact with the blood  and body fluids of an infected person. You may get hepatitis B if you: Have  sex  with an infected person without using a  condom . Share needles (used for injecting  drugs ) with an infected person. Get a tattoo ...

June 17, 2013  — An international team led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University has identified a highly promising new anti-tuberculosis compound that attacks the tuberculosis (TB) bacterium in two different ways . Share This: "These findings represent an effort to help solve one of the major global health crises of our time -- the resurgence of TB and its dangerous drug-resistant strains," said Peter G. Schultz, the Scripps Family Chair Professor of Chemistry at TSRI, who was senior author of the study with William R. Jacobs, Jr., member of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and professor of microbiology & immunology and of genetics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. "In cell cultures and in mice, this compound showed powerful activity against ordinary active TB bacteria, non-replicating TB bacteria and even extensively dru...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria that are spread through the air from person to person. The TB bacteria are put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected. The TB bacteria usually attack the lungs, but can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal. TB is NOT spread by Shaking someone's hand Sharing food or drink Touching bed linens or toilet seats Sharing toothbrushes Kissing Latent TB Infection and TB Disease Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick with TB disease. People who become infected, but are not sick have what is called latent TB infection. People who have latent TB infection do not feel sick, do not have any symptoms, and cannot spread TB bacteria to others. But some people with latent TB infection go on to get TB disease. People who ha...

For ages, chewing gum represented popular pastime that was used all over the world. From the prehistoric men and women who chowed lumps of tree resin for enjoyment, Ancient Greeks who used tree resin to clean their teeth and freshen their breath, Maya Indians who used gummed chicle, and Europeans and American settlers who used hardened tree sap and beeswax. Sadly, even though use of chewing gum can undoubtedly have many positive effects, it can also endanger us. Here are some of the most common chewing gum side effects and disadvantages: Tooth Decay Sugared gums can with heavy use cause tooth decay, gum disease and cavities. This happens because sugar coats the teeth, and can slowly cause damaging of tooth enamel if they are not immediately brushed. To reduce harmful effects of sugared gums, seek out gum brands that use smaller quantities of sugar. Artificial Sweetener Allergies Almost all popular sugar brands use artificial sweeteners to make their products longer lasing, s...

Nov. 27, 2012 -- The number of drugs that can be risky when taken with grapefruit is on the rise, largely due to the influx of new medications and chemical formulations, a new study shows. As it stands, there are now more than 85 drugs that may interact with grapefruit. The number of drugs that may result in potentially fatal side effects when mixed with grapefruit increased from 17 to 43 during the past four years. This equates to more than six new potentially risky drugs a year. The list includes some  statins  that  lower cholesterol  (such as  atorvastatin , lovastatin , and  simvastatin ), some antibiotics,  cancer  drugs, and heart drugs. Most at risk are older people who use more  prescriptions  and buy more grapefruit. Here’s what happens: Grapefruit contains furanocoumarins, which block an enzyme that normally breaks down certain medications in the body. When it is left unchecked, medication levels can grow toxic in th...

KVCPharmaGROUP: THE CLASSIC STAGES OF CLINICAL INFECTIONS : As the body of the host responds to the invasive and toxigenic activities of a parasite, it passes through four distinct ...

As the body of the host responds to the invasive and toxigenic activities of a parasite, it passes through four distinct phases of infection and disease: the incubation period, the prodromium, the period of invasive, and the convalescent period.             The incubation period the time form initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms. During the incubation period, the agent is multiplying at the portal of entry but has not yet caused enough damage to elicit symptoms. Although this period is relatively well defined and predictable for each microorganism, it does vary according to host resistance, degree of virulence, and distance between the target organ and the portal of entry (the farther apart, the longer the incubation period). Overall, an incubation period can range from several hours in pneumonic plaque to several years in leprosy. The majority of infections, however,...

KVCPharmaGROUP: A POSITIVE VIEW OF VIRUSES :             Looking at this beautiful tulip, one would never guess that it derives its pleasing appearance from a vira...

            Looking at this beautiful tulip, one would never guess that it derives its pleasing appearance from a viral infection. It contains tulip mosaic virus, which affect the development of the plant cells and causes complex patterns of colors in the petals. Aside from this, the virus does not cause severe harm to the plants. Despite the reputation of viruses as cell killers, there is another side of viruses – that of being harmless, and in some cases, even beneficial.             Although there is no agreement on the origins of viruses, it is highly likely that they have been in existence for billions of years. Virologists are convinced that viruses have been an important force in the evolution of living things. This is based on the fact that they interact with the genetic material of their host cells and that they carry genes from on host to another (transduction)...

KVCPharmaGROUP: THE SERENDIPITY OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD: DISCOVER... : The discoveries in science are not always determined by the strict formulation and testing of a formal hypothesis. Quite...

The discoveries in science are not always determined by the strict formulation and testing of a formal hypothesis. Quite often, they involve serendipity and the luck of being in the right place and time, followed by a curiosity and willingness to change the direction of an experiment. This is especially true in the field of drug discoveries. The first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered in the late 1920s by Dr. Alexander Fleming, who found a mold colony growing on a culture of bacteria that was wiping out the bacteria. He isolated the active ingredient that eventually launched the era of antibiotics. The search for new drugs to treat infections and cancer has been a continuous focus since that time. Even though the detailed science of testing a drug and working out its chemical structure and action required sophisticated scientific technology, the first and most important part of discovery often lies in a keen eye and an open mind.      ...

E71 (the MS

KVCPharmaGROUP: The ELISA : ELISA is stand for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It is an immunological or serological test to check antigen present in the serum. It h...

ELISA is stand for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It is an immunological or serological test to check antigen present in the serum. It have 2 types Direct ELISA or Sandwich ELISA Test and Indirect ELISA test. For Direct ELISA test, it is used to diagnose various microbial infections (such as HIV, Hepatitis A and C, Cholera Vibrio, Helicobacter pylori,...), cancer and other immunological disorders. Different from Direct ELISA, Indirect ELISA is used to diagnosed Hantavirus, rubella virus, toxoplasma.... Procedure of Sandwich ELISA Pour known antigen of specific antibodies on well containing micro titer plate and wait for 2-3 hours or over night then wash with buffer to remove unbound antibodies.  Add patient serum specimen on the well and wait for 1-2 hours and then wash with buffer.  Add Enzyme labelled (linked or conjugated) antibodies on the well and wash with buffer.  Finally, add the substrate (colorless substance) on the well and wait for 1-2 hours to obs...

ELISA test is stand for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay which also known as Enzyme immunoassay (EIA), contains an enzyme-antibody complex that can be used as a color tracer for antigen-antibody reactions. The enzymes used most often are horseradish and alkaline phosphatase, both of which release a dye (chromogen) when exposed to their substrate. This technique also relies on a solid support such as a plastic micro titer plate that can absorb (attract on its surface) the reactants.           The Indirect ELISA test can detect antibodies in a serum sample. As with other indirect test, the final positive reaction is achieved by means of an antibody-antibody reaction. The indicator antibody is complexed to an enzyme that produces a color change with positive serum sample. The starting reactant is a known antigen that is absorbed to the surface of a well. To this, unknown serum is added. After rinsing, an enzyme-Ab reagent that can react with the unknown test anti...

Elisa stand for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay which also known as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), contains an enzyme-antibody complex that can be used as a color tracer for antigen-antibody reaction. The enzymes used most often are horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, both of which release a dye (chromogen) when exposed to their substrate. This technique also relies a solid support such as a plastic micro titer plate that can absorb (attract on its surface) the reactants.

ក្រមសីលធម៌ឱសថការី ១​​.​ និយមន័យក្រមសីលធម៌វិជ្ជាជីវៈឱសថ? ចំ​​ៈ គឺជាកាតព្វកិច្ចដែលឱសថការីត្រូវបំេពញ ចំពោះអតិថិជន សហការី អ្នកផ្តល់សេវា​ខាភិបាល និស្សិត វិជ្ជាជីវៈ និង​ អាជ្ញាធរមានសមត្ថកិច្ចក្នុងការអនុវត្តវិជ្ជាជីវៈឱសថ។​ ២. លក្ខណៈខុសគ្នារវាង ក្រមសីមធម៌វិជ្ជាជីវៈ​ និង​និតិក្រម? ចំៈ​ មាន៣ចំនុចៈ - ការរៀបចំ៉ ( development) ៖ ក្រមសីលធម៌ត្រូវបានរៀបចំដោយគណៈឱសថការីកម្ពុជា ( pharmacy professional ethic) រីនិតិក្រមត្រូវបានរៀបចំដោយស្ថាប័ននិតិបញ្ញត្តិ ឬស្ថាប័ននិតិប្រតិបត្តិ - ដែននៃការអនុវត្ត ( the field of implementation) ៖ ក្រមសីធម៌វិជ្ជាជីវៈត្រូវអនុវត្តចំពោះតែឱសថការីណាដែលប្រកបវិជ្ជាជីវៈឱសថ រីនិតិក្រមត្រូវអនុវត្តចំពោះរូបវ័ន្តបុគ្គល ( Physical person) និងនិតិបុគ្គល (ស្ថាប័នឬក្រសួង.. ) - ទោសបញ្ញត្តិ ការប្រព្រឹត្តល្មើសនិងក្រមសីលធម៌វិជ្ជាជីវៈ​​ ត្រូវទទួលទោសដែលមានលក្ខណៈជាអង្គការវិន័យ​ ដែលវិនិច្ឆ័យដោយ ក្រុមប្រឹក្សាគណៈឱសថការី​ ដូចជាការស្តីបន្ទោស ការប្រមានជាលាយ លក្ខអក្សរ ការផ្ជួរសមាជិកភាពជាបណ្តោះ អាសន្ន និង​ការដកហូតសមាជិកភាពជាអចិន្ត្រៃ៌។​ រីការប្រព្រឹត្តល្មើសនិងនិតិក្រមត្រូវផ្តន្ទាទោសដែលមានលក្ខណៈជា...